The effectiveness of the treatment of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) with ferrous sulfate and encapsulation into asphalt were explored separately and in combination. The asphalt treatment was conducted by mixing COPR or ferrous sulfate pretreated COPR with varying amounts of asphalt. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, the leachability of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) total chromium (Cr) from all treated samples was determined for curing periods up to 16 months. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses were also performed to evaluate the Cr6+ concentration in the selected samples. The combination treatment of ferrous sulfate and the encapsulation of the treated COPR into asphalt reduced the TCLP total Cr concentration to lower than the regulatory limit of 5 mg/L for Cr contaminated soils. after 16 months. However, the Cr concentrations were still higher than the universal treatment standards (UTS) of 0.6 mg/L for hazardous waste. On the other hand, treatment with ferrous sulfate alone or the encapsulation of the COPR in asphalt failed to meet the TCLP total Cr concentration of 5 mg/L, after 16 months. XANES analyses results showed that more than 75% Cr6+ reduction was achieved upon pretreatment with ferrous sulfate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.