Membranes have become of great interest for tissue engineering application, since they offer the advantage of developing neuronal tissue that may be used in implantable or in vitro hybrid systems for the simulation of brain function. The behaviour of neurons isolated from the hippocampus on membranes with different surface properties was investigated. The different membranes used as substrates for cell adhesion consisted of polyester (PE), modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK-WC), fluorocarbon (FC) and polyethersulfone (PES), all of which coated with poly-L-lysine (PILL) in order to have the same functional groups interacting with cells. The membranes exhibited different morphological surface properties in terms of pore size, porosity and roughness. Hippocampal neurons exhibited a different morphology in response to varying the properties of the membrane surface. Indeed, cells grown on the smoother membranes and namely FC and PES membranes displayed a large number of neurites with consequent formation of bundles. As a consequence while a very complex network was formed on these membranes, cells tend to, instead, form aggregates and most of the processes are developed inside the pores of the membranes when rougher PEEK-WC surfaces were used. In addition, the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was expressed at high levels in neurons grown on FC membranes with respect to the other membranes. Taken together these results suggest the pivotal role played by membrane surface properties in the adhesion and growth of the hippocampal neurons, which must be considered in the development of tailored membranes for neural tissue engineering. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.