Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous scaffold was used as a mid-layer support in a new kind of high flux thin film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membranes for nanofiltration (NF) applications. The top barrier layer was produced by interfacial polymerization of polyamides containing different ratios of piperazine and bipiperidine. The filtration performance (i.e., permeate flux and rejection) of TFNC membranes based on electrospun PAN nanofibrous scaffold was compared with those of conventional thin film composite (TFC) membranes consisting of (1) a commercial PAN ultrafiltration (UF) support with the same barrier layer coating and (2) two kinds of commercial NF membranes (i.e., NF90 and NF270 from Dow Filmtec). The nanofiltration test was carried out by using a divalent salt solution (MgSO4, 2000 ppm) and a cross-flow filtration cell. The results indicated that TFNC membranes exhibited over 2.4 times more permeate flux than TFC membranes with the same chemical compositions, while maintaining the same rejection rate (ca. 98%). In addition, the permeate flux of hand-cast TFNC membranes was about 38% higher than commercial NF270 membrane with the similar rejection rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.