This perspective article examines the state of the art regarding the field of polymers from renewable resources and attempts to give a critical appraisal of the situation related to a representative number of specific materials, in terms of their interest, present degree of advancement, and prospective development within short and medium-term projections. The selected examples include polysaccharides and their derivatives, lignin, suberin, vegetable oils, tannins, natural monomers like terpenes, and monomers derived from sugars, with. particular emphasis on furan derivatives and lactic acid, bacterial cellulose, and poly(hydroxyalkanoates), ending with a brief assessment of the potential role of glycerol and ethanol as future precursors to monomers.