Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Vol.27, No.6, 2602-2605, 2009
Robust, efficient grating couplers for planar optical waveguides using no-photoacid generator SU-8 electron beam lithography
450 nm pitch coupling gratings with greater than 10% input coupling efficiency have been fabricated on thin film planar optical waveguides using electron beam lithography on a novel SU-8 resist formulation that contains no photoacid generator (PAG). Even without the PAG component, we found the sensitivity of this material to be unexpectedly high, with a dose to clear of less than 10 mu C/cm(2) at 50kV for our substrates. Our optical waveguides consisted of 350 nm Ta2O5 ion beam sputtered onto superpolished fused silica substrates. The grating fabrication flow was designed to minimize process steps on the Ta2O5 surface and ensure that the original low surface roughness was sufficiently maintained after processing.
Keywords:diffraction gratings;electron beam lithography;nanolithography;nanophotonics;optical couplers;optical fabrication;optical planar waveguides;polishing;resists;sputtered coatings;surface roughness;tantalum compounds