Yttria-neodymia double stabilized ZrO2-based nanocomposites with 40 vol% electrical conductive TiCN were fully densified by means of pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) in the 1400-1500 degrees C range. The Y2O3 stabilizer content was fixed at 1 mol% whereas the Nd2O3 co-stabilizer content was varied between 0.75 and 2 mol% in order to optimise the mechanical properties. The mechanical (Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength), electrical (electrical resistivity) and microstructural properties were investigated and the hydrothermal stability in steam at 200 degrees C was assessed. The nanocomposites with 1-1.75 mol% Nd2O3, PECS at 1400 or 1450 degrees C, have an excellent fracture toughness of 8 MPa m(1/2), although the grain size of both ZrO2 and TiCN phases after densification is in the 100 +/- 30 nm range. Moreover, the composites combine a hardness of about 13 GPa, a bending strength of 1.1-1.3 GPa with a low electrical resistivity (1.6-2.2 x 10(-5) Omega m) allowing electrical discharge machining. The hydrothermal stability of the double stabilizer nanocomposites was higher than for yttria-stabilized ZrO2-based composites with the same overall stabilizer content. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.