Surface Modification of Carbon Black by Oleic Acid for Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene

Hyekyung Han; Jeongwoo Lee; Dong Wha Park; Sang Eun Shim

Macromolecular Research, Vol.18, No.5, 435-441, May, 2010

DOI10.1007/s13233-010-0505-1 Export Citation

Surface Modification of Carbon Black by Oleic Acid for Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene

Hyekyung Han, Jeongwoo Lee, Dong Wha Park , and Sang Eun Shim^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea

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To carry out miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of carbon black, carbon black was hydroxylated using potassium permanganate with the aid of a phase transfer catalyst, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBABr). The hydroxylated carbon black was further reacted with oleic acid. The surface modification of carbon black with oleic acid was confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and TEM. The oleic acid-coated carbon black was successfully microencapsulated by polystyrene using miniemulsion polymerization. Polymerization failed when pristine carbon black was used. However, satisfactory conversion (> 96%) was achieved using the oleic acidmodified carbon black. The existence of a polystyrene layer was confirmed by TEM. In contrast the pristine carbon black, the oleic acid-coated carbon black did not act as a radical scavenger during polymerization.

Keywords:carbon black;oleic acid;polystyrene;microencapsulation;miniemulsion polymerization

[References]

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[Referenced By]

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[3] Hwang BK, Hong KH, Park HY, Jeon IR, Seo KH, Elastom. Compos., 44, 299 (2009)

[4] Casado RA, Lovell PA, Navabpour P, Stanford JL, Polymer, 48(9), 2554 (2007)

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[6] Bakhshaee M, Pethrick RA, Rashid H, Sherrington DC, Polym. Commun., 26, 185 (1985)

[7] Costoyas A, Ramos J, Forcada J, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 47(3), 935 (2009)

[8] Park I, Park M, Kim J, Lee H, Lee MS, Macromol. Res., 15(6), 498 (2007)

[9] Jang J, Ha J, Kim S, Macromol. Res., 15(2), 154 (2007)

[10] Takasu M, Shiroya T, Takeshita K, Sakamoto M, Kawaguchi H, Colloid Polym. Sci., 282, 740 (2004)

[11] Tiarks F, Landfester K, Antonietti M, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 202, 51 (2001)

[12] Zhao X, Zhou S, Chen M, Wu L, Colloid Polym. Sci., 10.1007/s00396-009-2053-9 (2009)

[13] Xing GM, Zhang J, Zhao YL, Tang J, Zhang B, Gao XF, Yuan H, Qu L, Cao WB, Chai ZF, Ibrahim K, Su R, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108(31), 11473 (2004)

[14] Zhang N, Xie J, Varadan VK, Smart Mater. Struct., 11, 962 (2002)

[15] Hong S, Kim M, Hong CK, Jung D, Shim SE, Syn. Metal., 158, 900 (2008)

[16] Kim MH, Hong CK, Choe S, Shim SE, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 45(19), 4413 (2007)

[17] Sasson Y, Neumann R, Handbook of phase transfer catalysis, Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1997.

[18] Lee DG, Chang VS, J. Org. Chem., 43, 1532 (1978)

[19] Siegrist RL, Urynowicz MA, West OR, Crimi ML, Lowe KS, Principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation using permanganate, Battelle Press, Columbus, USA, 2001.

[20] Lee DH, Condrate RA, J. Mater. Sci., 34(1), 139 (1999)

[21] Zhou XQ, Wu CF, Chin J, Nonferrous Metal., 14, 232 (2004)

[22] Xu R, Wu C, Xu H, Carbon, 45, 2806 (2007)

[23] Ries HE, Nature, 226, 72 (1970)

[24] LEVY MY, SCHUTZE W, FUHRER C, BENITA S, J. Microencapsul., 11(1), 79 (1994)

[25] Chanamai R, McClements DJ, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 225(1), 214 (2000)

[26] Snabre P, Mengual O, Meunier G, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 152, 79 (1999)

[27] Liu TQ, Jia S, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K, Casado-Portilla R, Belmont J, Langmuir, 19(16), 6342 (2003)