A gas-particle flow experiment at a low particle loading (m = 0.4) in a vertical downward pipe is conducted at three different Reynolds numbers (Re = 6000, 10.000, and 13,000) to investigate the Re influence on the gas-phase turbulence modulation. The mean and fluctuating velocity data of both phases are acquired using a two-component LDV/PDA system. Two particles of varying degrees of inertia (i.e. high-density 70 mu m glass beads and low-density 60 mu m cenospheres) are used as the model particles to examine the effect of particle inertia on the trend in the turbulence modulation as a function of Re. An experiment at a higher particle loading (m = 4,0) using the glass beads is also conducted to examine the effect of particle concentration. In the presence of high inertia particles (St(T)>500) at a low particle loading, the gas-phase turbulence intensity in the pipe core is increased with increasing Re resulting in turbulence enhancement relative to the unladen flow. The turbulence enhancement is attributed to 1) a modification of the turbulence production by the Reynolds stress due to interparticle collision and/or 2) a reduction in the fluctuating drag force due to a change in the radial profile of the particle concentration. In contrast, the gas-phase turbulence intensity in the presence of low inertia particles (St(T)<500) is found to decrease with increasing Re similar to the trend in the unladen flow. Lastly. the turbulence enhancement at high Re is not observed at a high particle loading where the turbulent energy dissipation by the fluctuating drag force is dominant. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.