The human interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b) belongs to the interferon family of cytokines that exerts many biological functions like inhibition of virus multiplication, repression of tumour growth and other immunological functions. Herein, a synthetic gene coding for human IFN alpha 2b was cloned and integrated into a methylotropic yeast-Pichia pastoris. The recombinant human IFN alpha 2b protein (similar to 19 kDa) could be successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris to a level of nearly 300 mg/L with nearly 93% recovery on purification using a single anion exchange chromatography step. A novel media component dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was found to aid in expression of rightly processed IFN a2b form with dramatic reduction in the expression of a 20 kDa IFN isoform contaminant frequently observed by other workers. The identity of the 20 kDa isoform was confirmed by N terminal sequencing which showed extra eleven amino acids at the N terminal portion of the IFN molecule obtained due to incorrect processing by the host KEX2 protease. The purified IFN alpha 2b (19 kDa) preparation was confirmed by N terminal sequencing, and characterized by MALDI-TOF and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The bioassay of the recombinant protein gave a specific activity of >2 x 10(8) IU/mg. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.