The production of propionic acid by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015 was investigated in a 7.5-l stirred-tank fermentor. Batch fermentations by P. freudenreichii CCTCC M207015 at various pH values ranging from 5.5 to 7.0 were studied. Based on the analysis of the time course of specific cell growth rate (mu (x)) and specific propionic acid formation rate (mu (p)), a two-stage pH-shift control strategy was proposed. At first 48 h, pH was controlled at 6.5 to obtain the maximal mu (x), subsequently pH 6.0 was used to maintain high mu (p) to enhance the production of propionic acid. By applying this pH-shift control strategy in propionic acid fermentation, the maximal propionic acid and glucose conversion efficiency had a significant improvement and reached 19.21 g/l and 48.03%, respectively, compared with those of constant pH operation (14.58 g/l and 36.45%). Fed-batch fermentation with pH-shift control strategy was also applied to produce propionic acid; the maximal propionic acid yield and glucose conversion efficiency reached 25.23 g/l and 47.76%, respectively.