Inflammation is involved in cholestasis-induced hepatic damage. Stearic acid has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory potential. We assessed whether stearic acid has protective effects against cholestasis-related liver damage. Cholestasis was produced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 weeks. Daily administration of stearic acid was started 2 weeks before injury and lasted for 5 weeks. In comparison with the control group, the BDL group showed hepatic damage as evidenced by elevation in serum biochemicals, ductular reaction, fibrosis, and inflammation. These pathophysiological changes were attenuated by chronic stearic acid Supplementation. The anti-fibrotic effect of stearic acid was accompanied by reductions in alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive matrix-producing cells and critical fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor beta-1 production. Stearic acid also attenuated BDL-induced leukocyte accumulation and NF-kappa B activation. The data indicate that Stearic acid attenuates BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of stearic acid is associated with anti-inflammatory potential. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.