Antigen-specific regulatory CD4(+) T cells have been described but there are few reports on regulatory CD8(+) T cells. We generated islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP)-specific regulatory CD8(+) T cells from 8.3-NOD transgenic mice. CD8(+) T cells from 8.3-NOD splenocytes were cultured with IGRP, splenic dendritic cells (SpDCs), TGF-beta, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 5 days. CD8(+). T cells cultured with either IGRP alone or IGRP and SpDCs in the absence of TGF-beta and ATRA had low Foxp3(+) expression (1.7 +/- 0.9% and 3.2 +/- 4.5%, respectively). In contrast, CD8(+) T cells induced by exposure to IGRP, SpDCs, TGF-beta, and ATRA showed the highest expression of Foxp3(+) in IGRP-reactive CDS+ T cells (36.1 +/- 10.6%), which was approximately 40-fold increase compared with that before induction culture. CD25 expression on CD8(+) T cells cultured with IGRP, SpDCs, TGF-beta, and ATRA was only 7.42%, whereas CD103 expression was greater than 90%. These CD8(+) T cells suppressed the proliferation of diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells from 8.3-NOD splenocytes in vitro and completely prevented diabetes onset in NOD-scid mice in cotransfer experiments with diabetogenic splenocytes from NOD mice in vivo. Here we show that exposure to ATRA and TGF-beta induces CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells ex vivo, which suppress diabetogenic T cells in vitro and in vivo. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.