A three-dimensional steady-state numerical analysis was performed in a room heated by two-panel radiators A virtual sating manikin with real dimensions and physiological shape was added to the model of the room and it was assumed that the manikin surfaces were subjected to constant temperature Two different heat transfer coefficients for the outer wall and for the window were considered Heat interactions between the human body surfaces and the room environment the air flow the temperature the humidity and the local heat transfer characteristics of the manikin and the room surfaces were computed numerically under different environmental conditions Comparisons of the results are presented and discussed The results show that energy consumption can be significantly reduced while increasing the thermal comfort by using better-insulated outer wall materials and windows (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved