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Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.40, No.12, 2193-2202, 2010
A new class of Sol-gel derived LiM1xM2yMn2-x-yO3.8F0.2 (M-1 = Cr, M-2 = V; x = y=0.2) cathodes for lithium batteries
A series of LiM1xM2yMn2-x-yO3.8F0.2 (M-1 = Cr, M-2 = V; x = y = 0.2) cathodes, viz., LiMn2O3.8F0.2, LiCr0.2Mn1.8O3.8F0.2 and LiCr0.2V0.2Mn1.6O3.8F0.2 along with native LiMn2O4 have been synthesized by Citric Acid assisted Modified (CAM) sol-gel method, with a view to understand the effect of synthesis methodology and the effect of dual category dopants, viz., anion and/or cation upon spinel cathodes individually. An acceptable capacity retention (94%) observed up to 50 cycles for native LiMn2O4 cathodes is attributed to the significance of CAM sol-gel method. Similarly, the encouraging charge-discharge results of LiMn2O3.8F0.2 (130 mAh g(-1)) and LiCr0.2Mn1.8O3.8F0.2 (142 mAh g(-1)) cathodes revealed a possible augmentation in the reversible capacity behavior of the spinels upon F-substitution at 32e site and the simultaneous substitution of Cr3+ and F- at 16d and 32e sites respectively.