Aims: The strain Rhodococcus rhodochrous OBT18 was isolated from a water treatment plant used to decontaminate industrial effluents containing benzothiazole derivatives. Aims of the work are to study the central metabolism of this strain and more specifically its behaviour during biodegradation of 2-aminobenzothiazole. Methods and Results: In vivo13C and 31P NMR experiments showed that this strain contains storage compounds such as polyphosphates, glycogen and trehalose and produces biosurfactants containing trehalose as sugar unit. Trehalose can be synthesized after reversion of the glycolytic pathway. In vivo31P NMR experiments showed that energy metabolism markers such as the intracellular pH and the ATP concentration did not change during biotransformation processes when R. rhodochrous was exposed to potentially toxic compounds including iron complexes and center dot OH radicals. Also R. rhodochrous recovers the normal values of ATP and pH after anoxia/reoxygenation cycle very quickly. Conclusions: Rhodococcus rhodochrous carbon and energy metabolism is well adapted to different stresses and consequently to live in the environment where conditions are constantly changing. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results of this study can be used to understand the behaviour of this bacterium in natural environments but also in water treatment plants where iron and UV light are present.