Mordenite modification and utilization as supports for iron catalyst in phenol hydroxylation

Sittichai Kulawong; Sanchai Prayoonpokarach; Arthit Neramittagapong; Jatuporn Wittayakun

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.17, No.2, 346-351, March, 2011

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2011.02.037 Export Citation

Mordenite modification and utilization as supports for iron catalyst in phenol hydroxylation

Sittichai Kulawong, Sanchai Prayoonpokarach, Arthit Neramittagapong¹, and Jatuporn Wittayakun^†

Material Chemistry Research Unit, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

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The goal of this work was to synthesize mordenite in sodium form (NaMOR) using rice husk silica; modify by leaching with acid, base or both; and use the obtained zeolites as supports for iron (Fe) catalysts in phenol hydroxylation. All MOR zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption and the Si/Al ratios were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The influence of zeolite modification to the phenol hydroxylation was also studied. All modified zeolites still exhibited MOR phase with higher surface area than that of the parent NaMOR. Only the sample leached by acid and base (ABMOR) showed a significant change in adsorption. desorption isotherm from type I to type IV, a characteristic of mesoporousmaterials. The major forms of Fe (5 wt.%) in all catalysts confirmed by XRD and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) were Fe2O3. Because mesopores were generated in ABMOR to facilitate diffusion of reactants, the fastest reaction was obtained on Fe/ABMOR catalyst. The conversion was also highest on this catalyst probably because Fe was dispersed on the support with the highest surface area. However, the presence of mesopores did not improve the selectivity and the products observed were catechol and hydroquinone.

Keywords:Mordenite;Rice husk silica;Acid leaching;Base leaching;Mesoporous zeolite;Iron;Phenol hydroxylation

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[Referenced By]

[1] Brook MA, Gatle L, Lindsay IR, J. Chem. Soc., 2, 687 (1982)

[2] Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Paper and Pulp to Phenol Derivatives, vol. 25, sixth ed., 638 pp. (2003)

[3] Jeong HC, Shim IW, Choi KY, Lee JK, Park JN, Lee CW, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22(5), 657 (2005)

[4] Villa AL, Caro CA, de Correa CM, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 228(1-2), 233 (2005)

[5] Park JN, Wang J, Choi KY, Dong WY, Hong SI, Lee CW, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 247(1-2), 73 (2006)

[6] Preethi MEL, Revathi S, Sivakumar T, Manikandan D, Divakar D, Rupa AV, Palanichami M, Catal. Lett., 120(1-2), 56 (2008)

[7] Choi JS, Yoon SS, Jang SH, Ahn WS, Catal. Today., 280, 111 (2006)

[8] Zhao W, Luo YF, Deng P, Li QZ, Catal. Lett., 73(2-4), 199 (2001)

[9] Chumee J, Grisdanurak N, Neramittagapong A, Wittayakun J, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 10, 015006 (2009)

[10] Meier WM, Kristallogr Z, 115, 439 (1961)

[11] Pantu P, Boekfa B, Limtrakul J, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 277(1-2), 171 (2007)

[12] Viswanadham N, Kumar M, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 92, 31 (2006)

[13] Groen JC, Sano T, Moulijn JA, Perez-Ramirez J, J. Catal., 251(1), 21 (2007)

[14] Li XF, Prins R, van Bokhoven JA, J. Catal., 262(2), 257 (2009)

[15] Khemtong P, Prayoonpokarach S, Wittayakun J, Suranaree J. Sci. Technol., 14, 367 (2007)

[16] Kim GJ, Ahn WS, Zeolites., 11, 745 (1991)

[17] Ravel B, Newville M, J. Synchrotron. Rad., 12, 537 (2005)

[18] Zhang L, van Laaka ANC, de Jonghade PE, Jong KP, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 126, 115 (2009)

[19] van Bekkum H, Flanigen EM, Jacobs PA, Jansen JC, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 137, 175 (2001)

[20] Rouquerol F, Rouquerol J, Sing K, Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids, first ed., Academic Press, 204 pp (1999)

[21] JCPDS, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Sets 1-48, 374 pp. (1998)

[22] Jia Y, Han W, Xiong G, Yang W, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 8, 106 (2007)

[23] Liu H, Lu G, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wang J, Nanotechnology., 17, 997 (2006)

[24] Liu QS, Yu JF, Wang ZL, Yang PP, Wu TH, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 73(1), 179 (2001)

[25] Wang DA, Liu ZQ, Liu FQ, Ai X, Zhang XT, Cao Y, Yu JF, Wu TH, Bai YB, Li TJ, Tang XY, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 174(1-2), 25 (1998)

[26] Suja H, Sugunan S, Bull. Catal. Soc. India., 2, 194 (2003)

[27] Yang XY, Li Y, Van Tendeloo G, Xiao FS, Su BL, Adv. Mater., 21(13), 1368 (2009)

[28] Amin NAS, Akhtar J, Rai HK, Chem. Eng. J., 158(3), 520 (2010)

[29] Bahranowski K, Dula R, Gasior M, Labanowska M, Michalik A, Vartikian LA, Serwicka EM, Appl. Clay Sci., 18, 93 (2001)

[30] Nawaz Z, Qing S, Jixian G, Tang X, Wei F, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 57 (2010)

[31] McMurry J, Organic Chemistry, fourth ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Company Press, 570 pp. (1996)

[32] Wilkenhoner U, Langhendries G, van Laar F, Baron GV, Gammon DW, Jacobs PA, van Steen E, J. Catal., 203(1), 201 (2001)