Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.132, No.33, 11464-11466, 2010
Exploiting Conformational Dynamics To Facilitate Formation and Trapping of Electron-Transfer Photoproducts in Metal Complexes
Three new photoinduced electron donor-acceptor (D-A) systems are reported which juxtapose a Ru(II) excited-state donor with a bipyridinium acceptor via a conformationally active asymmetric aryl-substituted bipyridine ligand participating in the bridge between D and A. Across the series of complexes 1-3, steric bulk is sequentially added to tune the inter-ring dihedral angle theta between the bipyridine and the aryl substituent. Driving forces for photoinduced electron transfer (Delta G(ET)) and back electron transfer (Delta G(BET)) are reported based on electrochemical measurements of 1-3 as well as Franck-Condon analysis of emission spectra collected for three new donor model complexes 1'-3'. These preserve the substitution patterns on the aryl substituent in their respective D-A complexes but remove the bipyridinium acceptor. Both Delta G(ET) and Delta G(BET) are invariant to within 0.02 eV across the series. Upon visible photoexcitation of each of the D-A systems with similar to 100 fs laser pulses at 500 +/- 10 nm, an electron-transfer (ET) photoproduct is observed to form with a time constant of tau(ET) = 29 Ps (1), 37 ps (2), and 57 ps (3). That ET remains relatively rapid throughout this series, even as steric bulk significantly increases the inter-ring dihedral angle theta, is attributed to the effects of ligand-based torsional dynamics driven by intraligand electron delocalization in the D-star-A excited state manifold prior to ET. The lifetimes of the charge-separated states (tau(BET)) are also reported with tau(BET) = 98 ps (1), 217 Ps (2), and 789 ps (3), representing a more than 8-fold increase across the series. This is attributed to reverse conformational dynamics in D+-A(-) driven by steric repulsions, which serves to minimize electronic coupling to the ground state. Steric control of ligand geometry and the range over which theta changes during conformational dynamics provides a new strategy to facilitate the formation and storage of charge-separated excited states.