This paper describes a pH-responsive multilayer film composed of two layered components, namely poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and a copolymer of acrylic acid and [1,3]oxazine-modified acrylate (POA). The oxazine ring is an acidochromic chromophore and opens to form either cationic 3H-indolium or anionic hemiaminal in a pH-dependent manner. This structural transition was used to generate a net positive or negative charge on the membrane for selective ion permeation. Interestingly, the reversible oxazine ring opening and closing proceeded smoothly without significant steric hindrance in the multilayer film comprising 10 PAH/POA bilayers. The pH-responsive permselectivity for cationic and anionic probe molecules was demonstrated using a POA monolayer film adsorbed electrostatically onto an amino-functionalized ITO electrode. The origin of the excellent ion-transport selectivity in the 1 nm ultrathin POA membrane is discussed in terms of alternating charges of the aromatic amphoteric group, oxazine, in the polyeletrolyte membrane.