Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.114, No.48, 12646-12655, 2010
Zn2+ Has a Primary Hydration Sphere of Five: IR Action Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies of Hydrated Zn2+ Complexes in the Gas Phase
Complexes of Zn2+(H2O), where n = 6-12, are examined using infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy, blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD), and theory. Geometry optimizations and frequency calculations are performed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level along with single point energy calculations for relative energetics at the B3LYP, B3P86, and MP2(full) levels with a 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set. The IRPD spectrum of Zn2+(H2O)8 is most consistent with the calculated spectrum of the five-coordinate MP2(full) ground-state (GS) species. Results from larger complexes also point toward a coordination number of five, although contributions from six-coordinate species cannot be ruled out. For n = 6 and 7, comparisons of the individual IRPD spectra with calculated spectra are less conclusive. However, in combination with the BIRD and laser photodissociation kinetics as well as a comparison to hydrated Cu2+ and Ca2+, the presence of five-coordinate species with some contribution from six-coordinate species seems likely. Additionally, the BIRD rate constants show that Zn2+(H2O)(6) and Zn2+(H2O)(7) complexes are less stable than Zn2+(H2O)(8). This trend is consistent with previous work that demonstrates the enthalpic favorability of the charge separation process forming singly charged hydrated metal hydroxide and protonated water complexes versus loss of a water molecule for complexes of n <= 7. Overall, these results are most consistent with the lowest-energy structures calculated at the MP2(full) level of theory and disagree with those calculated at B3LYP and B3P86 levels.