Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements were carried out on the 1-propanol water (abbreviated as 1PA-W) mixtures over the entire 1-propanol molar fraction range at 298 K. The two bands at similar to 1053 and similar to 1068 cm(-1), assigned to the vibrational modes of the gauche (upsilon(C-C-C-O-G)) and the trans (upsilon(C-C-C-O-T)) conformational isomers, respectively, which both include C-O and C C stretching motions, were used to monitor the structural changes of the mixtures. When the water to 1-propanol molar ratio (WPR) is smaller than 0.2, the absorbance ratio of the two bands (A(upsilon C-C-C-O-G)/A(upsilon C-C-C-O-T)) remains constant at 1.42, characteristic of the existence of the I-propanol aggregate chains, hydrogen-bonded by the O-H groups of 1-propanol in gauche conformations. When increasing the WPR from 0.2 to 20, there is an abrupt decrease in the absorbance ratio (A(upsilon C-C-C-O-G)/A(upsilon C-C-C-O-T)) from 1.42 to 1.01, corresponding to penetration of water molecules into the gauche-aggregate chains. The penetrated water molecules disrupt the IPA chains and transform these gauche-aggregate IPA chains to trans-aggregate chains, which are IPA dimers of trans-conformation. The structural change induces complicated spectroscopic changes, including the red shifts of the series of bands 1016, 1053, and 1098 cm(-1) and blue shifts of the bands 2877, 2937, and 2961 cm(-1). With further increase of WPR up to 100, the absorbance ratio of A(upsilon C-C-C-O-G)/A(upsilon C-C-C-O-T) increases from 0.98 to 1.07, indicating a transformation of partial IPA dimers to single molecules with gauche-conformation in the water hydrogen-bonding network. Together with results from quantum calculations at the B3L YP/6-31G (d, p) level, and two-dimensional infrared correlation and excess spectroscopy analysis, the structural evolution of water and IPA molecules in IPA-W mixtures has been inferred.