The compound CsTh2Te6 has been synthesized at 800 degrees C by the reaction of Th with a Cs2Te3/Te melt as a reactive flux. The compound crystallizes in the space group D-2h(17)-Cmcm of the orthorhombic system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 4.367(2) Angstrom, b = 25.119(10) Angstrom, c = 6.140(3) Angstrom, and V = 673.5(5) Angstrom(3) at T = 113 K. The structure of CsTh2Te6 has been determined from single-crystal X-ray data. The structure comprises infinite, two-dimensional double layers of ThTe8-bicapped trigonal prisms. The structural motif of the trigonal prisms resembles that found in UTe2. Cs+ cations, disordered equally over two crystallographically equivalent sites, separate the layers and are coordinated by eight Te atoms at the corners of a rectangular parallelepiped. Shea Te-Te distances of 3.052(3) and 3.088(3) Angstrom form linear, infinite, one-dimensional chains within the layers. Simple formalisms describe neither the Te-Te bonding in the chain nor the oxidation state of Th. The compound shows weak semiconducting behavior along the Th/Te layers perpendicular to the Te-Te chain.