Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is one of the possible raw materials for bioenergy production in northern Europe. Its cultivation is favoured because its high productivity and local origin. However, problems with the biomass quality for combustion have been reported. Usually delayed harvest in spring is suggested to improve the quality and decrease the moisture content of biomass. On the other hand, the feasibility of spring harvest depends on local climatic conditions and may cause yield losses. In current paper we studied reed canary grass fields in Estonia locating on different soil types and cultivated with various varieties. The influence of several fertilisation schemes on biomass yield was analysed. Our results indicated that production was higher on mineral soils than on the organic soil of abandoned peat extraction sites. Even different types of fertilisation did not increase the production on organic soils to the level comparable to those on mineral soils. Among studied varieties 'Venture' had the highest production. The highest yield per area was obtained late in the autumn (12.7 t d.w. per ha and 7.2 t d.w. per ha on mineral and organic soils, respectively). By spring the amount of biomass had decreased in all studied sites. Due to wet soil some of the fields remained unharvested, the others had high yield losses during practical harvesting. The chemical analyses did not reveal significant differences in the composition of biomass between late autumn and spring. Therefore we conclude that late autumn harvest should be preferred in local climatic conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.