We synthesized rod-shaped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as an additive in water without an oil. The length of the particles increases from 40 to 100 nm with increasing the concentration ratio AOT/Ca while maintaining a width of 12 nm. These results indicate that an oil phase is not necessarily needed to form the rod-shaped HAp nanoparticles using AOT.