A novel aerobic mesophilic bacterial strain SYBC-H1(T) capable of degrading chitin was isolated and classified in this study. The strain exhibited strong chitinolytic activity and was a Gram-negative, curved, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium. Growth of this strain was observed between 10 and 41A degrees C and between pH 3.5 and 9.5. The DNA G + C content of strain SYBC-H1(T) was 53.25 mol%. The cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were 12:0 iso 3-OH (5.87%), 16:0 (28.16%), and 18:1 omega 7c (20.48%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain SYBC-H1(T) belonged to the family Neisseriaceae, and was distantly related (95.0% similarity) to the genus Chitiniphilus. Its phenotype was unique and genetic and phylogenetic analysis experiments suggested that strain SYBC-H1(T) represented the type strain (CGMCC 3438(T), ATCC BAA-2140(T)) of a novel genus, for which the name Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1(T) gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The highest enzymatic activity of chitinase (9.6 U/ml) was obtained at 72 h in 250 ml shake flasks. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of SYBC-H1(T) has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number GQ981314.