A straightforward synthetic route to nano-VB2 particles, via planetary ball milling of elemental vanadium and boride in a 1:2 equivalent ratio is presented. Variation of the mechanochemical synthesis milling speed and milling time is used to optimize this nano-VB2 for use as a high capacity anode material with enhanced charge transfer and increase voltage. VB2 releases, via electrochemical oxidation, an unusual 11 electrons per molecule at a favorable, highly level electrochemical potential. Coupled with an air cathode, this anode with volumetric and gravimetric capacity of 20.7 kAh/L and 4.1 kAh/kg, has energy density greater than that of gasoline. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.018201esl] All rights reserved.