F-doped LiFePO4/C nanoparticles were synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal reaction followed by high-temperature treatment. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIR) spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). To investigate their electrochemical properties, the cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy curves, charge-discharge curves and cycle life test were carried out. The results show that F-doping can modify the microstructure and further improve the electrochemical performance of these cathode materials. These F-doped LiFePO4/C nanoparticles show obviously better high rate performance and stable cycle ability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.