Conducting polymers (CPs) have been widely applied for fabricating various electrochemical devices such as sensors, actuators, solar cells, etc. To extend the functions or improving the performances of the devices, CPs frequently have to be blended with other functional materials to form composites. Graphene, a one-atom layer of graphite with unique two-dimensional structure and excellent mechanical and electrical properties, has become an increasing star in material science. Chemically converted graphene (CCG) prepared by reducing graphene oxide has satisfied processing property and complementary properties with CPs. Therefore, CCG is an important functional component for preparing high-performance CP-based composites. In this critical review, we mainly summarize the recent advancements in our group on the synthesis of CP/CCG composites and their electrochemical applications including supercapacitors, solar cells and electroanalysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.