Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.50, No.14, 6626-6636, 2011
Investigation Relevant to the Conformation of the 17-Membered Pt(d(GpG)) Macrocyclic Ring Formed by Pt Anticancer Drugs with DNA: Pt Complexes with a Goldilocks Carrier Ligand
Platinum anticancer drug DNA intrastrand cross-link models, LPt(d(G*pG*)) (G* = N7-platinated G residue, L = R(4)dt = bis-3,3'-(5,6-diallcyl)-1,2,4-triazine), and R = Me or Et), undergo slow Pt-N7 bond rotation. NMR evidence indicated four conformers (HH1, HH2, Delta HT1, and Lambda HT2); these have different combinations of guanine base orientation (head-to-head, HH, or head-to-tail, HT) and sugar phosphodiester backbone propagation relative to the S'-G* (the same, 1, or opposite, 2, to the direction in B DNA). In previous work on LPt(d(G*pG*)) adducts, Pt-N7 rotation was too rapid to resolve conformers (small L with bulk similar to that in active drugs) or L was too bulky, allowing formation of only two or three conformers; Lambda HT2 was not observed under normal conditions. The (R(4)dt)Pt(d(G*pG*)) results support our initial hypothesis that R(4)dt ligands have Goldilocks bulk, sufficient to slow G* rotation but insufficient to prevent formation of the Lambda HT2 conformer. Unlike the (R(4)dt)Pt(S'-GMP)(2) adducts, ROESY spectra of (R(4)dt)Pt(d(G*pG*)) adducts showed no EXSY peaks, a result providing clear evidence that the sugar phosphodiester backbone slows conformer interchange. Indeed, the Lambda HT2 conformer formed and converted to other conformers slowly. Bulkier L (Et(4)dt versus Me(4)dt) decreased the abundance of the Lambda HT2 conformer, supporting our initial hypothesis that steric crowding disfavors This conformer. The (R(4)dt)Pt(d(G*pG*)) adducts have a low abundance of the Delta HT1 conformer, consistent with the proposal that the Delta HT1 conformer has an energetically unfavorable phosphodiester backbone conformation; its high abundance when L is bulky is attributed to a small d(G*pG*) spatial footprint for the Delta HT1 conformer. Despite the Goldilocks size of the R(4)dt ligands, the bases in the (R(4)dt)Pt(d(G*pG*)) adducts have a low degree of canting, suggesting that the ligand NH groups characteristic of active drugs may facilitate canting, an important aspect of DNA distortions induced by active drugs.