Human tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a thrombolytic protein that plays an active role in dissolving fibrin clots by fibrinolysis and in activating plasminogen to plasmin in blood vessels. t-PA and synthetic t-PA (st-PA) genes were expressed as enzymatically active form in hairy roots of Oriental melon (Cucumis melt) L cv. Geumssaragi-euncheon) infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The insertion of the t-PA genes in genomic DNA of transgenic hairy roots was verified by PCIL The presence and expression of t-PA-specific transcripts in the total RNAs of transgenic hairy roots were confirmed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis of the transgenic hairy roots showed a single major band of 59-kDa recombinant t-PAs. ELISA demonstrated that the highest level of recombinant t-PA (798 ng mg(-1)) was detected in hairy roots expressing t-PA. Similarly, the maximum fibrinolysis of recombinant t-PAs was observed in hairy roots transformed with t-PA. WPM medium was found to be more suitable for rapid growth of hairy roots among all the seven media types tested. The hairy root production was 5.8 times higher than that of White medium. The total yield of hairy roots grown on WPM medium was 621.8 +/- 8.7 g L-1 at pH 7.0. These studies demonstrate that the hairy roots could be employed for the mass production of enzymatically active t-PA. (C) 2011, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.