Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.190, No.1-3, 245-252, 2011
Fluxes of U-238 decay series radionuclides in a dicalcium phosphate industrial plant
The production of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) is part of the phosphate industry, which has been recently included in the positive list of the NORM industries defined in the revised version of the EU-BSS (Euratom 29/96). The objective of the present work is to study specific concentrations and fluxes of U-238.234, Th-230, Ra-226, (210)ph and Po-210 at the different stages of the DCP production. Results showed highest activities of U-238 and Pb-210 were found in DCP (1500-2000 Bq kg(-1)); Th-230 and Po-210 were released together with the sludges (1600-2000 Bq kg(-1)) and Ra-226 presented particularly high activities in water (48 x 10(3) Bq m(-3)) and in the reactor scales (115 x 10(3) Bq kg(-1)). Fluxes of radionuclides showed that U-238 outflows were equally distributed between sludges (16 x 10(3) kBq h(-1)) and dicalcium phosphate (20 x 10(3) kBq h(-1)); Th-230 and Po-210 were almost entirely released in the sludges (30 x 10(3) kBq h(-1)) and the greatest Pb-210 outflow was the DCP current (25 x 10(3) kBq h(-1)). Ra-226 was mainly discharged through the water effluent (12 x 10(3) kBq h(-1)). This work highlights the importance of studying the industrial processes involving NORM, as minor changes in the production steps lead to different radionuclide distribution in the process. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.