This study aimed at investigating the synergistic effect of temperature and biosurfactant on the biodegradation of phenanthrene in bioslurry. Bench-scale bioslurry experiments were conducted at 25 and 55 degrees C. The desorption rate coefficients of phenanthrene (K(des)) obtained using the pseudo-first order model were 0.0026 and 0.0035 kg mg(-1) h(-1) at 25 and 55 degrees C. respectively. Addition of 1500 mg L(-1) biosurfactant, produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BU03, marginally increased the K(des) at 25 degrees C since most of biosurfactant was sorbed onto soil; however, significantly increased the K(des) to 0.0087 kg mg(-1) h(-1) at 55 degrees C as the thermophilic temperature reduced the adsorption of the biosurfactant onto soil and subsequently enhanced the desorption of phenanthrene. The biodegradation of phenanthrene well fitted pseudo-first order kinetics based on the assumption that biodegradation was limited by the desorption. About 78.7% of phenanthrene was degraded in 30 days at 25 degrees C; and addition of biosurfactant did not affect the biodegradation. However, addition of the biosurfactant or inoculation of A. calcoaceticus BU03 at 55 degrees C significantly enhanced the biodegradation by increasing the K(des). Results indicate that synergistic application of thermophilic temperature and biosurfactant or inoculation of biosurfactant producing microorganisms is an effective and innovative method to enhance the efficiency of PAH degradation in bioslurry system. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.