The physical and chemical environment in the mine was studied in order to establish the controls on biodegradation processes. The results show that the degree of biodegradation depended on factors including the location of the oil (i.e. floating on the top of the water or from the bottom of a pool), and the addition of fresh seepage oil. The biodegradation observed mainly involved the progressive removal of n-alkanes, isoprenoids and some aromatics. Biodegradation was also assessed in terms of the sulphur content and by quantitative analyses of molecular markers in the aromatic fraction. These approaches indicated that at least 50% of the oil was lost as a result of biodegradation. Isotope studies were also undertaken but isotope signatures did not provide significant data. Microbiological data were consistent with data collected from chemical analyses. Evidence for the presence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were obtained from laboratory studies.