We report on the synthesis of poly[(sodium sulfamate/carboxylate) isoprene-b-2-vinyl pyridine] block polyampholytes (SCPI-P2VP), utilizing anionic polymerization and post polymerization functionalization reactions. The precursor poly(isoprene-b-(2-vinylpyridine)) diblock copolymers (PI-P2VP), containing a polyisoprene (PI) block with high 1,4 microstructure, were prepared by anionic polymerization high vacuum techniques, in two steps, involving change of the polymerization solvent. Subsequent functionalization of the PI block with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, introduced sulfamate and carboxylate groups in the polymer chains and produced the desired block polyampholytes. The successful synthesis of the polyampolytes was corroborated by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy measurements. The self-assembly behaviour of the aforementioned polyampholytes was studied in aqueous solutions as a function of pH, by aid of dynamic and static light scattering, zeta potential, fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experimental results indicate that the block polyampholytes form micellar structures with P2VP cores and SCPI coronas at pH > 6, whereas more compact nanoparticles are formed at pH < 4 from the complexation of positively charged P2VP and SCPI, stabilized by excess negative charges of uncomplexed SCI segments. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 3090-3098, 2011