A simulation of a fuel gas blending process and its measurement system is proposed as a benchmark test case for advanced control and state estimation. The simulation represents an industrial facility and employs a well-established software environment. The objective is to maintain four controlled variables within specified bounds while minimizing an economic performance index. The controlled variables are the fuel gas pressure and three measures of gas quality. Six feed gas flow rates may be adjusted to achieve the objective. Each has a limited availability. The benchmark consists of three reproducible scenarios, each a 46-h period during which 23 discrete upsets occur and the feed gas compositions vary gradually with time. A benchmark multi-loop feedforward-feedback structure is described, tested, and compared to an estimate of optimal performance. The operating cost provided by the benchmark controller is from 119 to 1.71 times higher than the estimated minimum. Readers are challenged to download the simulation model, benchmark controller and estimated optimal performance from the URL given in this paper, and to devise case studies of advanced state estimation and control strategies to better the proposed benchmark controller. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.