The process of hardening materials with different types of crystalline lattices by means of explosive doping is considered as multifaceted. The likeness of, and the difference between, the mechanisms underlying the hardening of materials having body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fee) lattices are discussed. The role of long-range fields of stresses in the formation of dislocation structure of metals subjected to explosive doping has been investigated. An intricate nature of the space configuration of stress fields near retarded particles and the role of these fields in hardening the treated metallic materials have been demonstrated.