Ag2Te-polyaniline core-shell nanostructures were fabricated by a one-pot interfacial synthesis method at room temperature. The phase structure, composition and morphology of the nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The nanostructures are about 80-100 nm in size, and the core of the nanostructures consists of Ag2Te nanoparticles with size of similar to 10 nm. The formation mechanism of the Ag2Te-polyaniline core-shell nanostructures was proposed. The nanostructures after cold-pressing have higher Seebeck coefficient and lower thermal conductivity than both the pure Ag2Te and PANi powders after cold-pressing. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.