The mechanical and tribological properties of electrospun fiber mats are of paramount importance to their utility as components in a large number of applications. Although some mechanical properties of these mats have been reported previously, reports of their tribological properties are essentially nonexistent. In this work, electrospun nanofiber mats of poly(trimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide) (PA 6(3)T) with average fiber diameter of 463 +/- 64 nm are characterized mechanically and tribologically. Post-spin thermal annealing was used to modify the properties of the fiber mats. Morphological changes, in-plane tensile response, friction coefficient and wear rate were characterized as functions of the annealing temperature. The Young's moduli, yield stresses and toughnesses of the nonwoven mats improved by two- to ten-fold when annealed slightly above the glass transition temperature, but at the expense of mat porosity. The coefficient of friction and the wear rate decrease by factors of two and ten, respectively, under the same conditions. The wear rate correlates with the yield properties of the mat, in accord with a modified Ratner-Lancaster model. The variation in mechanical and tribological properties of the mats with increasing annealing temperature is consistent with the formation of fiber-to-fiber junctions and a mechanism of abrasive wear that involves the breakage of fibers between junctions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.