Bi(2)Sr(2)Ca(1)Cu(2)O(8+delta) (Bi-2212) films were grown on (1 0 0) oriented SrTiO(3) (STO) substrate using sol-gel spin-coating method. The effects of heat treatment conditions and coating times on the phase formation and surface morphology were investigated using thermal analysis, optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electronic microscopy. Mixed phases were formed from 820 to 840 degrees C, and Bi-2212 single phase was obtained at 830 degrees C for 3 h. c-axis epitaxial films with smooth surfaces were obtained by drying at 600 degrees C and coating for 5 times. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.