The enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) is a small eukaryotic protein that is highly conserved in animals, plants, and protists but not in fungi. ERH has several binding proteins and has been associated with various cellular processes, such as pyrimidine metabolism, cell cycle progression, and transcription control; however, little is known about the exact role of this protein and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that ERH has a critical role in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. ERH depleted-cells showed severe chromosome misalignment and weakened kinetochore-microtubule attachment. ERH depletion also caused dissociation of centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E), a mitotic kinesin that is involved in stabilizing the kinetochore-microtubule attachment, from kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes. We propose that ERH contributes to chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate by localizing CENP-E at kinetochore regions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.