Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Vol.90, No.1A, 158-161, 2012
Growth rates of ibuprofen crystals grown from ethanol and aqueous ethanol
To quantify the crystallization of racemic ibuprofen [2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)-propionic acid] from aqueous ethanol it is necessary to know the growth rate kinetics. Growth rates were measured by adding SPG (size proportional growth) seed crystals to an isothermal non-nucleating batch crystallization and sampling during the batch. The supersaturation was measured by refractive index and the crystal size by laser light scattering (Malvern). To ensure the batch was non-nucleating the supersaturation was kept within the narrow secondary MZ (metastable zone). Measurements were made at three temperatures, 10, 25 and 40 degrees C. The growth rate was proportional (first order kinetics) to the solution supersaturation, expressed in mass ratio of ibuprofen to ethanol units. Despite the narrow MZ, the initial growth rates were substantial (up to 1 mu m/mm). Temperature has a large effect on growth rate with an activation energy of 13.7 kJ/mol. The water content affects the growth rate coefficient differently depending on the temperature. (C) 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.