Natural resources are primarily raw materials, soil, water, air, food, and energy. The annual consumption of these resources amounts to about 60 billion metric tons and is expected to increase further. Thus resource efficiency is one key factor for sustainable development. This efficiency concept is being adopted in transnational agreements on the United Nations level, in the European Union's strategy, and also in R&D activities of companies and research institutions. This paper presents Molecular Sorting as a concept for resource efficiency, which is aiming at materials recovery by sorting and separation down to a molecular level if needed, to improve recycling.