The emission characteristics of regulated air pollutants and carbonyls from motorcycles using gasoline blended with 3% ethanol (E3) and gasoline (E0) were investigated in this study. Nine motorcycles were operated on a chassis dynamometer and driven according to the ECE driving cycle for air pollutant measurements. In addition, durability testing was performed on two brand-new motorcycles of the same model, using E3 in one and E0 in the other, to assess the effects of E3 usage on motorcycle emissions. The results show that average emission factors of CO and THC decreased by 20.0% and 5.27%, respectively, using E3 fuel. However, NO(x) and CO(2) emission increased by 5.22% and 2.57%. The results of paired t-tests indicate that only the reduction of CO emission is statistically significant (p-value = 0.006). The emission factors of Sigma 15 carbonyls for the nine test motorcycles were 1289 +/- 502 and 1579 +/- 368 mu g/km for E0 and E3, respectively. Carbonyl emission increased by 22.5% using E3 substituted for Ea However, the differences in Sigma 15 carbonyl emission between EO and E3 were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.137). Among the 15 analyzed carbonyls, only the emission of acetaldehyde was significantly higher (p-value = 0.014) with E3. The results of durability tests show that deterioration coefficients for E3 were 1.50, 1.45, 0.84, 0.94 and 1.06 for CO, THC, NO(x), CO(2) and carbonyls, respectively. Statistical tests exhibit that using E3 as fuel does not increase the regulated air pollutants, nor carbonyl emissions for the durability test. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.