Biomass productivity of 350 mg DCW L(-1) day(-1) with a final biomass concentration of 3.15 g DCW L(-1) was obtained with Neochloris oleoabundans grown in artificial wastewater at sodium nitrate and phosphate concentrations of 140 and 47 mg L(-1), respectively, with undetectable levels of residual N and P in effluents. In secondary municipal wastewater effluents enriched with 70 mg N L(-1), the alga achieved a final biomass concentration of 2.1 g DCW L(-1) and a biomass productivity of 233.3 mg DCW L(-1) day(-1). While N removal was very sensitive to N:P ratio, P removal was independent of N:P ratio in the tested range. These results indicate that N. oleoabundans could potentially be employed for combined biofuel production and wastewater treatment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.