Photo-induced second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon absorption (TPA) responses in the single crystals of neodymium containing compounds (NdGaO(3), K(5)Nd(MoO(4))(4), alpha-RbNd(WO(4))(2), and NdAl(3)(BO(3))(4)) were found. The temperature dependences of the SHG and TPA stimulated by bicolor laser treatment at 1320 nm and 660 nm were studied as well. We found that in nanocomposites consisting of a polymer matrix and nanocrystals of mentioned above neodymium compounds nonlinear optical effects are substantially stronger when more polarizable ions such as Rb and K are present. The maximal achieved value of the SHG for 1320 nm laser beam was equal to about 0.25 pm/V for the nanocomposite containing RbNd(WO(4))(2). The maximal value of the TPA under the same conditions of the photo-treatment was equal to about 1.6 cm/GW also in case of this nanocomposite. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.