Two synthetic aliphatic fuels and a commercial one were used on a Diesel vehicle to study the impact on exhaust regulated and non-regulated emissions. The two aliphatic fuels decrease hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions comparing to the reference fuel (commercial fuel), but they slightly increase nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Total particle number and particle size distribution are almost the same for the three fuels used on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), however some differences are observed on steady speeds. The two aliphatic fuels decrease the emission of particulate sulphates, of nitrous oxide (N2O), Of carbonyl compounds and methane (CH4) comparing to reference fuel. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the three fuels are similar. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.