| 초록 |
Lithium batteries have triggered the growth of the consumer electronics market and now are the power sources of choice for a series of popular devices, such as mobile phones, lap-top computers, Mp3s and others. Accordingly, lithium ion batteries are today produced by billions of units per year. However, lithium batteries are expected to enter in markets which space beyond the consumer electronic sectors.There are various parameters which influence the forecast ofthe lithium ion battery market evolution. Among the main drivers are: i) the concern on global warming, which requireswith urgency a much greater share than inpresent times of clean, renewable sources and (ii) the continuously growing interest, both ecological and industrial, in moving from gasoline-powered internal combustion engine cars to low-emission, electric or hybrid vehicles, (EVs or HEVs). The key aspects hereare the safety concern, the raw material price, especially cobalt, and the need of a further increase in the energy density. The crucial environmental issues together with the eagerness from the automotive industry to turn to electric propulsion havemade the development of radically improved rechargeable lithium batteries a worldwide imperative. It is universally accepted that breakthroughs in lithium battery technology require the passage to innovative chemistries, this including electrode and electrolyte components, involving materials having higher performance than the ones presently used in common batteries. Various countries areworldwide involved in this race. Large investments have been allocatedto support R&D programs for promoting the development of advanced lithium batteries and accordingly, many industrial and academic laboratories are presently engaged in R&D programs. The researches which arein progress or are consideredtobethe mostpromising for achieving important breakthroughsin the lithium battery technology will be here reviewed with first attention on the materials which are expected to find application in a near future, moving then to new, exotic directions exploiting revolutionary chemistries capable of profoundly modify the presentstructure of the lithium batteries in order to allow their use in excitingfuture technologies. |
