| 초록 |
Chondrogenesis of stem cells and cartilage tissue regeneration are more efficient in a 3D environment than in a 2D environment. In this study, we used HA as a general 3D microenvironment to characterize the effects of dimensionality, localization of biochemical cues, regulation of biophysical cues, and external stimulation on chondrogenic signaling pathways in hASCs. The results revealed that the levels of chondrogenic signals in hASCs cultured in 3D HA hydrogel depended on the presence of TGF, reduction in the stiffness of TGF covalent conjugated hydrogel increased the chance of interaction with encapsulated hASCs, leading to an increase in chondrogenic signals. External stimulation with ultrasound increased the interaction of hASCs with HA via CD44 thereby increasing chondrogenesis. Our results present a new understanding on of intertwined mechanisms of chondrogenesis in 3D hydrogels connecting TGF-ß3 sequestration, mechanical properties, and ultrasound-based external stimulation. |
