The viscose-type cellulose fibers produced for more than one hundred year have still very strong position on the fiber market The Lyocell-type fibers, which production is based on the N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as a direct solvent, have much better properties than the viscose fibers. They may be electroconductive, chromoforic, sensoric or bioactive. A recently developed new process for preparation of cellulose nanofibers is also based on the N-methytmorpholine-N-oxide as a direct solvent. The nanofibers are formed in an electrostatic field.