This review paper is devoted to application of mechanochemistry in extractive metallurgy, crystal engineering, materials engineering, coal industry, building industry, agriculture, pharmacy and waste treatment. In extractive metallurgy the most commercially attractive potential applications using fine milling (Activox, Melt) will be illustrated. Mechanochemical approach in crystal and materials engineering will focus on the non-equilibrium processing of materials and their current and potential applications. In agriculture the technological advantages of mechanochemical methods over traditional methods for improving the solubility of natural phosphates will be documented. In pharmacy, the selected examples of fine milling application will show the improved bioavailability of drugs. The examples of fine milling utilization in coal industry, building industry and waste treatment are also given. Simplification of the processes, ecological safety and the product extraordinariness characterize the application of fine milling in mechanochemistry. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.