Extraction-based recovery of RDX from obsolete Composition B

Hyewon Kang; Hyejoo Kim; Chang-Ha Lee; Ik-Sung Ahn; Keun Deuk Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.56, 394-398, December, 2017

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2017.07.036 Export Citation

Extraction-based recovery of RDX from obsolete Composition B

Hyewon Kang, Hyejoo Kim, Chang-Ha Lee, Ik-Sung Ahn^†, and Keun Deuk Lee¹

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
¹Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea

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Recovery of explosives from obsolete ammunition has been considered an eco-friendly alternative to conventional dumping or detonation disposal methods Composition B, made of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and paraffin wax, has been used as the main explosive filling in various munitions. It was selected as a model explosive for this study. TNT was extracted from Composition B by exploiting the different solubilities of TNT and RDX in acetonitrile. After removing paraffin wax by hexane washing, RDX was recovered from unused Composition B with a purity higher than 99% and a yield of 84%.

Keywords:Composition B;Recovery;RDX;Extraction;Demilitarization

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[2] Hloch S, Tozan H, Yagimli M, Valicek J, Rokosz K, Teh. Vjesn., 18, 267 (2011)

[3] Meyer R, Kohler J, Homburg A, Explosives, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

[4] Spear RJ, Nanut V, Materials Research Labs Ascot Vale (Australia) (1987).

[5] Bolz F, Dudonis KJ, Schulz DP, The Counterterrorism Handbook: Tactics, Procedures, and Techniques, CRC Press, 2016.

[6] Mahoney CM, Fahey AJ, Steffens KL, Benner BA, Lareau RT, Anal. Chem., 82, 7237 (2010)

[7] Lever J, Taylor S, Perovich L, Bjella K, Packer B, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8803 (2005)

[8] Jenkins TF, Pennington JC, Ranney TA, Berry TE, Miyares PH, No. ERDCTR-01-5, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab, Hanover, NH (2001).

[9] Benchoff D, Global Demilitarization Symposium, American Defense Prepared-ness Association, Louis, Missouri, May, 2, 1995.

[10] Carton G, Jagusiewicz A, Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 43, 16 (2009)

[11] Morris JB, Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD (1997).

[12] Ferreira C, Ribeiro J, Mendes R, Freire F, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 38, 296 (2013)

[13] Kmec J, Hreha P, Kubena V, Knapcikova L,K Macej T, Hlavacek P, Zelenak M, Harnicarova M, Duspara M, J. Cumin, Teh. Vjesn., 17, 383 (2010)

[14] Arcuri KB, Goetsch DA, Schmit SJ, Smith RM, Miller P, US 7423187B1[P], 9-9 (2008).

[15] Myler CA, Bradshaw WM, Cosmos MG, J. Hazard. Mater., 26, 333 (1991)

[16] Wu Y, Ding YK, Liu GQ, Wang HD, Zhen JW, Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, pp.68 2014,

[17] Weber P, Dunlap H, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, 383 (1928)

[18] Kim HS, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 44(5), 435 (2006)

[19] Akhavan J, The Chemistry of Explosives, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011.

[20] IPCS, Inchem, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 2006.

[21] Sitzmann ME, Foti S, Misener CC, No. NOLTR-73-186, Naval Ordnance Lab, White Oak MD (1973).

[22] Khan MY, Lee J, Park J, KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 17, 1223 (2013)